Ignªe¡w
XpSˬ
¢mÊn¡ÂIem]²XnIfnse
IrXyXsb hensbmcfthmfw AXnewLn¨Xv \mtSmSn¡eIfmWv.
tIcf¯nse IeIfpsS \mtSmSn/¢mÊn¡Âhn`P\w Bt]£nIambXpsImWvSv
Cu kmam\yhXv¡cW¯nepWvSmIp¶ Nne {]iv\§Ä ]n¶oSp NÀ¨ sN¿mw.
tIcf¯nse cwKIeIfpw A\pjvTm\IeIfpw X½nepÅ Nne {][m\hyXymk§Ä
C§s\ \nco£n¡s¸«n«pWvSvv: A\pjvTm\IeIÄ Hcp t{]£Ikaqls¯
Dt±in¨psImWvSÃ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xv...\S³, IYm]m{Xw F¶o
Zzµz¯nsâ {]iv\hpw A\pjvTm\IeIfn DZn¡p¶nÃ...AhXmcI³
Xsâ Iem{]IS\s¯¡pdnt¨m kZÊv AhXmcIsâ Iem]camb Ignhns\¡pdnt¨m
Nn´n¡p¶tXbnÃ(]p. 65, tIcf¯nse \mS³IeIÄ). \mtSmSnkwKoX¯nemIs«
IÀWmSIkwKoXs¯ At]£n¨v {ipXn, kzcw, cmKw F¶nhbpsS IrXyamb
hn\ymk{Ia§Ä ZpÀe`amtb¡mw. IrXyamb
BtcmlWmhtcmlW{IaapÅ cmK§fpsS ¢mÊn¡Â am\ZWvUap]tbmKn¨p
kao]n¨m Ah Nnet¸mÄ cmK§fmbn hnIkn¡m¯ CuW§fmtbm
cmK§fpsS IeÀ¸pIfmtbm hnebncp¯s¸Smw.
Cu AhyhØnXnbpsS
kzX{´Xbn Ah Hcp s\mt«j³ hyhØbv¡pt]mepw hg§nbnsöphcpw.
Htc IebpsSXs¶ {]mtZinIt`Z§Ä, Hcp {]tZi¯pXs¶bpÅhcpsS
Bem]\sshhn[yw, Htc KmbIcpsSXs¶ ]e kab¯pÅ ]e ]m«pcoXnIÄ
F¶nhsImWvSv Ah Hcp hyhØmIev]\sb¯s¶ Akm[yam¡p¶p.
kwLwtNÀ¶pÅ ]mSen {ipXn Hcp am\ZWvUta Bbnsöp hcpw. ]e
Xmf§Ä¡pw Xncn¨dnbm³ t]cpIfnÃ. t]cpw {]tbmK\nba§fpw
(\nbX§fmb XmfmwK§sfs¡mWvSv \nPs¸Sp¯s¸«hbmWv
imkv{XobXmf§Ä F¦n \nbX§fmb hmbv¯mcnIsfs¡mWvSv \nPs¸Sp¯s¸«hbmWv
P\IobXmf§Ä Asæn \mS³Xmf§Ä...]p. 140, ]tS\nbpsS
PohXmfw) DÅh t]mepw BhÀ¯n¡pt¼mÄ hyXykvXamsb¶p hcmw.
CSthfbpsS Ime¢n]vXn¡p
Nnet¸msg¦nepw {]m[m\yw \ÂIm¯Xn\m Ime¯nsâbpw eb¯nsâbpw \nÀWbw
km[yamIWsa¶nÃ. \r¯Ne\§fpw KoXhmZy§fpsS Imcy¯nse¶t]mse
AhyhØnXamhmw. AXmbXv Ct¸mÄ sNbvXXpt]mse ¢mÊn¡Â am\ZWvU§fp]tbmKn¨v
]cntim[n¨m Chtbmtcm¶pw ssieohXvIcW¯nsâ
hnhn[Xe§fnemsW¶p hcpw. ssieohXv¡cWw F¶ am\ZWvUwXs¶
A[nImct{iWnbpsS apIfnÂ\n¶p Xmtgbv¡pÅ Hcp ImgvNbnemWv cq]s¸Sp¶sX¶pw
]dtbWvSnhcpw. AXn\p ]Icw Chtbmtcm¶pw AXmXnsâ {]tbmKkµÀ`¯n\\pkcn¨v
hyXykvXkao]\coXnIÄ Bhiys¸Sp¶p.
\nc´cw ssieohXvIcn¡m\pw ¢mÊn¡Â IetbmSSp¡m\papÅ {]hWX
\mtSmSnsb¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶ IeIfnepw DWvSmIp¶pWvSvv.
tIcfIemaWvUe¯nse¯ns¸« Hm«³, ]db³, ioX¦³ XpÅepIÄ¡v
h¶p tNÀ¶ ¢mÊn¡Â kz`mhw \nc´chnaÀi\w t\cn«psImWvSncn¡p¶
Hcp ImcyamWv. ¢mÊn¡Â F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ IeIfnemIs« lnµpØm\n,
IÀWmSIkwKoX]²XnIfm hensbmcfhn kzm[o\n¡s¸«
IYIfnkwKoXhpw sNWvStafs¯ {ipXns¸Sp¯m³ {ian¡p¶ {ipXntafhpsams¡
ssieohXvIcW¯nsâ ]e L«§sf kqNn¸n¡p¶p.
\nc´cw ssieohXvIcn¡p¶þKWnXimkv{X]cambn
IrXyam¡m³ {ian¡p¶þip²oIcn¡m³ Imw£n¡p¶ ¢mÊn¡Â kz`mh¯ns\Xntc
¢mÊn¡se¶dnbs¸Sp¶ IeIfnÂt¸mepw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Nne LSI§fpWvSvv.
Ahbn¨neXv t\cs¯ ]dªXpt]mse t_m[]qÀÆw hn\ykn¡s¸«XmWv.
aäp Nne LSI§Ä AXmXp IeIfnte Xs¶ hymIcW\nba§fnÂ
sacp§msX \nev¡p¶hbmImw. Ahsb ]cphs¸Sp¯m\pÅ {ia§fmWv ¢mÊn¡Â
kz`mh¯nte¡v ASp¸n¡p¶sX¶pw IWvSp Ignªp. aäp NneXv ¢mÊn¡Â
IebpsS ]c¼cmKXt{ijvTmkzmZIsc [n¡cn¨psImWvSv hymIcW\nba§sf¯s¶
shÃphnfn¡p¶ IemImc·mcpsS {]IS\§fmWv. P\{]nbXsb e£yam¡n
ChÀ ip²Iesb t\À¸n¡p¶psh¶Xv t{ijvTmkzmZIÀ \nc´cw D¶bn¡mdpÅ
Btcm]WamWv. Nne \mtSmSn¡eIfnepw Km\§fnepw P\{]nbXsb
e£yam¡n hn]WntI{µnXamb ]cnjv¡cW§Ä \S¡p¶psh¶pw ]cn`h§fpWvSvv.
C¯c¯n ¢mÊn¡Â/t^mIv XpS§nb ]c¼cmKXhÀKoIcW§Ä
IeÀ¸pIÄ¡p hnt[bamIp¶XneqsS {]iv\hXv¡cn¡s¸Sp¶Xp ImWmw.
Iesb/kwkvImcs¯ Dev]mZ\w,
hn]W\w, D]t`mKw F¶nhbpsS ASnØm\¯n hniIe\w sN¿p¶ amÊv
IĨÀ ]T\§Ä Cu kµÀ`¯n {]kàamIp¶p. D]t`màm¡fnÂ\n¶v
hyXncnàcmb Dev]mZIÀ \nÀ½n¡p¶ kmwkvImcntImev]¶¯nsâ Dev]mZ\s¯¡pdn¨v
aIv sUmWmÄUv ]dbp¶p:
‘It is fabricated by technicians
hired by businessmen; its audiences are passive consumers, their
participation limited to the choice between buying and not buying’
(‘A Theory of Mass Culture’)
¢mÊn¡Â kt¦X§sf \nÀWbn¨ BibhmZþBßobhmZ]camb
KWnXimkv{Xþkuµcyimkv{X_Ôw ¢mÊn¡Â/t^mIv hyXymkanÃmsX
hn]WnbpsS km¼¯nIimkv{X¯n\p Iogvs¸SpIbpw ]cphs¸SpIbpw
sN¿p¶ kaImenIhyXnbm\w ImWmXncp¶pIqSm.
IebpsS kmt¦XnIhymIcWw hn]WnbpsS
em`m[njvTnXhymIcW¯n\p hgns¸Spt¼mÄ ]c¼cmKXIeIfnÂ
Nne henb amä§fpWvSmIp¶p; H¸w Nne ]pXnb Iemcq]§Ä ]ndhnsbSp¡p¶p;
imkv{Xþkmt¦XnIcwK¯pWvSmIp¶ \nc´c\hoIcW§Ä Cu
IeIsf kzm[o\n¡pIbpw \nÀWbn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
F¦nepw, hn]WnbpsS
{]iv\§Ä \ne\nevs¡¯s¶, Cu IeIfn h¶ptNÀ¶
kuµcyimkv{X]chpw kmt¦XnIhpamb amä§fpsS hnhn[am\§Ä ]cntim[nt¡WvSXpWvSv.
]mÝmXy ¢mÊn¡Â k¦ev]¯nsâ A[oiXz]camb s]mXpam\ZWvU§Ä ewLn¨
C¯cw IeIfn¨neXn\p h¶ptNÀ¶ hnt£m`Icamb kuµcy¯nsâ {]mà\kz`mhsa´msW¶p
t\m¡mw.
sUev^nbnse {Ko¡v t£{X¯nsâ
]Snªmdp`mK¯pÅ, A\p]mX¯nsâbpw eb¯nsâbpw ka{KXbpsSbpw
tZh\mb At¸mtfmbpsSbpw Ing¡p`mK¯pÅ AØncXbpsSbpw {IaanÃmbvabpsSbpw
tZh\mb Ubss\kknsâbpw Nn{XoIcW§sf Bkv]Zam¡n ]s¯m¼Xmw \qäm
WvSn {^UdnIv \otj cWvSpXcw kuµcyk¦ev]§sf¡pdn¨p
hniZoIcn¡p¶Xv D¼ÀtSm Ft¡m C§s\ kqNn¸n¡p¶p:
‘Serene
harmony, understood as order and measure, is expressed in a Beauty
that Nietzsche called Apollonian Beauty. But this Beauty was at
the same time a screen that attempted to conceal the presence of a
disquieting, Dionysiac Beauty, which was not expressed in apparent
forms, but over and above appearances.’
B[p\nIImew hsc ap{Z hbv¡s¸«
BlvfmZIchpw A]ISIchpw \nKqVhpw ssPhnIhpw CcpWvSXpamb
Cu Ubss\knbmIv kuµcy¯nsâ Bhnjv¡cWw ]mÝmXykwKoXtemI¯v
hensbmcfhn ^e{]m]vXnbnse¯p¶Xv Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSnemWv.
t]m¸peÀ kwKoXsa¶ hÀKs¯¯s¶ ssIbS¡nb kwKoXimJIÄ Ccp]Xmw \qämWvSnt\mSSp¯pw
Ccp]Xmw\qämWvSn sâ ]eL«§fnembpw DZbwsImWvSp. bqtdm]y³
NÀ¨v kwKoXt¯mSpw Bt{^mþAtacn¡³ hÀ¡v tkm§pItfmSpw IS¸mSpÅ
»m¡v Atacn¡³ kwKoXcq]amb »qkv, bqtdm]y³ ¢mÊn¡Â
kwKoX¯nsâbpw B{^n¡³ kwKoX¯nsâbpw thcpIfpÅ \mKcnIhpw
k¦oÀWhpw at\m[Àa{][m\hpamb »m¡v Atacn¡³ Pmkv kwKoXw, »qkpw
Pmkpw X½n¡eÀ¶ dnYw B³Uv »qkv, dnYw B³Uv »qkn \n¶pÛhn¡pIbpw
{ZpXKXnbnepÅ ]mZNe\§Ä¡v {]m[m\yw \ÂIpIbpw sNbvX tdm¡v
kwKoXw, CuWs¯ ]n¶nem¡n XmfKXnb\pkcn¨pÅ kwkmc¯n\p {]m[m\yw
\evIp¶ dm]v kwKoXw F¶nh Chbn NneXmWv.
CtXmsSm¸w PmÊnsâbpw dnYw
B³Uv »qknsâbpw kzm[o\¯n cq]wsImWvS kvIm, kvIm kwKoX¯nsâ Xo£vWcq]amb
tdm¡v sÌUn, ChbnÂ\n¶v B{^n¡³ thcpIfnte¡pÅ aS¡s¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶
ds¤ XpS§nb Pssa¡³ kwKoXcq]§Ä, Ico_nb³þB{^n¡³þ emän³
Atacn¡³ kwKoXcoXnIÄ F¶nhIqSn ]cnKWn¡pt¼mÄ ]c¼cmKXamb ¢mÊn¡Â/t^mIv
h`P\s¯ At]£n¨v kwKoX¯nsâ hÀKoIcWw, kmt¦XnIX F¶nhbn kw`hn¨
NSpe]cnWma§fpsS sshhn[yw hyàamIpw.
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