]T\w
Iebpw KWn-Xhpw:
kuµ-cy-im-kv{X-¯nse
Bßo-b-hmZw

at\mPv IpdqÀ

 

1

ASp¯ Ime¯p tI« Hcp Km\-s¯-¡p-dn¨p {]tXy-I-ambpw, kwKo-X--s¯-¡p-dn¨p s]mXp-hmbpw h¶p-sImWvSn-cn-¡p¶ Nne {]kvXm-h-\-IÄ {i²n-¡pI:

Pmkn Kn^vänsâ eÖm-h-Xntb F¶ {]kn-²-amb Km\-¯n {ipXn-`w-K-apWvsS¶v sPdn AaÂtZ-hv.

Agp-¡p-Nm-enÂ\n¶pw Hcp sImXpIv hcp-¶p. B sImXp-In-s\-t¸m-se-bpÅ Pohn-Xw. Hcp sImXpIv F{X-Imew Pohn-¡ptam A{X- F¶v A¯cw Km\-§-fpsS Bbp-Ên-s\-¡p-dn¨v Cf-b-cm-P.

a[p-c-Km-\-§-fpsS kvac-W-IÄ \jvS-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-¶m-tcm-]n¨v Pmkn Kn^väns\ {]Xn-¡q-«n Ib-än-bhÀ tZio-b-{]-Øm-\-Im-e¯v PmXn-hy-h-Øsb \ymbo-I-cn-¡m³ NneÀ ]dª amXr-I-bn-epÅ Ønc-X, Imes¯ AXn-ew-Ln-¡p-¶-h, Krlm-Xp-c-Xzw, kphÀW-`q-X-Imew apX-emb A`m-h-§-fmWv D¶-bn-¨-sX-¶Xv bmZr-Ñn-I-a-Ã:  sI. sI. sIm¨v.

kwKo-X-s¯-¸än Kth-jWw sN¿p-¶Xv Bßm-hns\ t]mÌvtamÀ«w sN¿p-¶Xp t]mse-bmWv: Cf-b-cm-P.

kwKo-X-¯n\v C¡m-e¯v Bßo-b-X-sb-¡mÄ cmjv{So-b-¯n-t\m-SmWv IqSp-XÂ _Ôw: Nmcp \nth-ZnX.

apI-fn-epÅ {]kvXm-h-\-IÄ Cu {]_-Ô-¯nsâ Bap-J-am-Ip-¶Xv, kwKo-X-¯nsâbpw aäp Ie-I-fp-sSbpw ASn-Øm-\-L-S-I-§-sf-¡p-dn¨pw s]mXpth Iem-\n-cq-]-W-s¯-¡p-dn¨pw ]WvSp-sXm-t«-bpÅ Nne [mc-W-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v kwkm-cn-¡m³ Ah Ah-kcw \ÂIp-¶-Xp-sIm-WvSm-Wv. Ie-bpsS LS-I-§-sf-¡p-dn-¡p¶ Nne kmt¦-Xn-I-hm-¡p-I-Ä, Ie-bpsS Bkzm-Z-\-£-a-X, Imes¯ AXn-ew-Ln-¡Â, CX-c-hy-h-lm-c-§-sf-¡mÄ Iev]n-¨p-In-«m-dpÅ hnip-²-]-Z-hn, cmjv{So-b-hn-h£ F¶n-§s\ Cu {]kvXm-h-§-fn-epÅ kqN-\-I-fmWv Cu km[yX \ÂIp-¶-Xv. IqSmsX `mj-bnepw Bem-]-\-ssi-en-bnepw {]I-S-ambn c­p [mc-Isfbpw ]tcm-£-ambn hyXy-kvX -kw-Ko-X-co-Xn-I-sfbpw kam-´-c-ambn hn\y-kn-¡p¶ Km\-¯nsâ kz`m-hhpw Cu {]_-Ôs¯ kzm[o-\n-¨n-«pWvS-v.

Ie-I-fpsS kmt¦-Xn-I-L-S-I-§-sf-¡p-dn-¡p¶ hn]p-e-amb ]Zm-h-en-IÄ \ap¡v e`y-am-Wv. {ipXn, kzcw, cmKw, ebw, Xmfw F¶o kwKo-X-hp-ambn _Ô-s¸« hm¡p-IÄ Ah-bn Nne-Xm-Wv. Hcp Km\-¯n {ipXn-`w-K-apWvSv F¶p ]d-bp-t¼mÄ kwKo-X-s¯ \nÀW-bn-¡p¶ Hcp ASn-Øm-\-am-\-ZWvUw ewLn-¡p-¶p-sh-¶mWv kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. CXpt]mse-bpÅ \nÝnX-L-S-I-§-fpsS kam-lm-c-sa¶ \ne-bn kwKo-Xs¯ hne-bn-cp-¯p-¶-Xn ¢mÊn-¡Â kwKo-X-¯nsâ kzm[o-\-apWvS-v. ¢mÊn-¡Â kwKo-X-sa¶v FSp-¯p-]-d-ª-Xv Cu kmt¦-Xn-I-kw-Úm-hen ¢mÊn-¡Â kwKoXs¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n cq]-s¸-«-XmWv F¶-Xp-sImWvS-m-Wv. CX-c-I-e-Isf Af-¡p-¶-Xn\pw C¯cw ¢mÊn-¡Â am\-Z-WvU-§Ä s]mXp-\n-b-a-sa¶ \ne-bn kzoI-cn-¡m-dp-WvSv. A§s\ Hmtcm {]tXy-I-hÀKam¡n Ie-Isf Xcw-Xn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb hymI-c-W-hy-hØ cq]-s¸-Sp-¶p.

C¯-c-¯n kwKo-X-¯n\p Iev]n-¡mdpÅ Gähpw {][m-\-am-\-Z-WvU-§fmWv {ipXnbpw eb-hpw. {ipXn amXm eb: ]nXm F¶mWp {]am-Ww. {ipXn i_vZ-¯nsâ DbÀ¨-Xm-gvN-Isf A`o-£vWX (frequency)-bpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n \nÀW-bn-¡p-¶p. ebw AXnsâ {Ia-_-²-Xsb Ime-¯n-sâbpw Ne-\-¯n-sâbpw ASn-Øm-\-¯n hn]p-e-am-¡p-¶p. {ipXnsb ASn-Øm-\-am¡n kzchpw ebs¯ Ah-ew-_n¨v Xmfhpw DWvSm-Ip-¶p. C¯-c-¯n-epÅ ssieo-h-Xv¡-c-W-¯n-eq-sS-bmWv Hmtcm ¢mÊn-¡Â Ie-bp-sSbpw LS-I-§Ä \nÀW-bn-¡-s¸-«-Xv. AXm-bXv ¢mÊn-¡Â ]²-Xn-bn Ie-bp-sS-Xs¶ ASn-Øm\w tIh-e-X-tbm-S-Sp-¡p¶ ssieo-h-Xv¡-c-W-am-Wv.

2

ssieo-h-Xv¡-c-W-¯nsâ e£yw IrXy-Xbpw tIh-e-X-bp-am-b-Xp--sImWvSv KWn-X-im-kv{X-¯n\v C¡m-cy-¯n henb ]¦p-WvSv. {Ia-amb ASp-¡Â, Xn«-s¸-Sp-¯Â F¶n-hbv¡v KWnXw Bh-iy-am-Ip-¶p. kwKo-X-¯nsâ coXn-im-kv{X-¯n {ipXn apX-em-bhbv¡p ]pdta Xmf-L-S-I-§-fmb Imew, amÀ¤w, {Inb, AwKw, {Klw, PmXn, Ie, ebw, bXn, {]kvXmcw F¶ Xmf-Z-i-{]m-W-§-fn-tem-tcm¶pw hnhn-[-]m-tä-Wp-I-fpsS hn\ym-k¯n\pw Ah-bpsS {Ia-_-²-amb hnh-c-W-¯n\pw KWn-Xs¯ B{i-bn-¡p-¶p-. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Xmf-im-kv{X-¯nse Ime-]-cn-am-W-¯nsâ KpW-\-¸-«nI {i²n-¡pI:

 8 £Ww

 1 ehw

 8 ehw

 1 ImjvTw

 8 ImjvTw

 1 \nanjw

 8 \nanjw

 1 Ie

 2 Ie

 1 {XpSn (NXpÀ`m-Kw)

 2 {XpSn

 1 A\p-{Zp-Xw (-_nw-_mÀ²w, AWp)

 2 A\p-{Zp-Xw

 1 {ZpXw

 2 {ZpXw

 1 eLp

 2 eLp

 1 Kpcp

 3 eLp

 1 ¹pXw

 4 eLp

 1 ImI-]mZw

AXm-bXv ¢mÊn-¡Â -]-²-Xn-bn kwKoXw CX-c-i-_vZ-§-fnÂ\n¶v hyXn-cn-à-amIp-¶Xv Cu LS-I-§-fpsS km¶n[ywsImWvSm-Wv. CtX-t]mse a\p-jy-i-co-c-¯nsâ hn\ym-k-\n-e-I-fp-sSbpw Ne-\-¯n-sâbpw hnhn-[-A-\p-]m-X-s¯- (proportion) ¡p-dn-¨pÅ Nn´-IÄ hnhn-[-¢m-Ên-¡Â \r¯-I-e-IfpsS kzcq-]-w \nÀW-bn¡p¶Xn\pw ]c-kv]cw thÀXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw ASn-Øm-\-am-Ip-¶p. ico-c-hn-\ym-k-¯nsâ Pyman-Xo-b-ssh-hn-[y-¯n-\mWv ChnsS Du¶Â. ¢mÊn-¡Â inev]-I-ebpw (DZm: _n-w_-\nÀ½m-Ww) Nn{X-I-ebpw (Xm-{´n-I-Nn-{X-§Ä, NphÀ¨n-{X-§Ä) KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A\p-]m-X-I-ev]-\-Isf A\p-jvTm-\-am-bn-¯s¶ kzoI-cn-¡p-¶pWvS-v. DZm-l-c-W-ambn- \h-Xm-e-_w-_¯n-sâ AwKhn-`mK-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v X{´-k-ap-¨-b¯n- hn-hcn-¡p¶Xp t\m¡pI:

aqÀ²m-hp-ap-X s\än- hsc aq¶w-Kp-ew-sImWvSpw, s\än-apX XmSn- Ign-bpt¶-S-t¯bv¡p ]{´WvSp AwKp-ew-sImWvSpw, Igp¯p aq¶w-Kp-ew-sImWvSpw Igp¯n-sâ Ah-km\w apX lrZbw htcbpw Ahn-sS\n-¶p s]m¡n-Ähscbpw Ahn-sS\n-¶p en-wKw-h-scbpw ]{´-WvSoX AwKp-ew-sIm-WvSpw, -cWvSp Imen-tâbpw ap«p-Ifpw sRcn-bmWn- apX AS Ign-thmfhpw ap½q-¶w-Kp-ew

-sImWvS-pw, XpS-Ifpw IW-¦m-ep-Ifpw Ccp]¯n-\meoX AwKp-e-§ÄsImWvSpw Af¶p ZoÀLw IW-¡m-¡-Ww.-(X-{´-k-ap-¨bw in-ev]`m-Kw, ]p.64)

NphÀ¨n-{XI-ebn-Â, apJs¯ aq¶mbn- hn-`Pn-¡pIbpw I®phsc-bpÅ apJ-`m-Ks¯ Hcp GI-I-am-bn(-bq-Wn-äv) ImWp-Ibpw aq¡nsâ Iog-äw-h-sc-bpÅ `mKs¯ cWvSv GI-I-§-fmbn ImWp-I-bp-amWv Xm³ sN¿p-¶-sX¶v {]i-kvX-Np-hÀ¨n-{X-I-em-Im-c-\mb a½n-bqÀ IrjvW³Ip«n \mbÀ A`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.(tIc-f-¯nse NphÀ¨n-{X-§Ä, ]p.107). 

hc, \ndw, shfn-¨w F¶n-h-bp-sSbpw, Nn{X-¯nse -h-kvXp-¡Ä X½nepw {]X-ehpw Nn{Xhpw X½n-ep-sams¡-bpÅ hnhn-[- A-\p-]m-X-§Ä KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ka-{K-Xsb Imw£n-¡p-¶p. hoSpw ]pc-bn-Shpw X½nepw hoSn-sâbpw ]pc-bn-S-¯n-sâbpw Hmtcm kq£va-L-S-Ihpw X½n-ep-apÅ A\p-]m-X-\nÀW-bw-hsc hmkvXp-in-ev]-¯nepw KWn-X-¯n\v ]c-a-{]-[m-\-amb ]¦pWvS-v.

a\p-jym-e-b-N-{µn-I-bn apÃ-¯-d-bpsS Øm\-s¯-¡p-dn¨p ]d-bp-¶Xp t\m¡pI:

\Sp-ap-ä-¯nsâ hnkvXm-c-t¯-¡mÄ A[n-I-apÅ ZoÀLs¯ sXt¡m«pw hS-t¡m«pw ka-ambpw \o¡n a²yw ka-N-Xp-c-{i-am-¡p-I. ]ns¶ B NXp-c-{i-t£-{Xs¯ Adp-]-¯n-\mep IÅn-IÄ(-tIm-jvT-§Ä) Bb hmkvXp-]-Z-am¡n I¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p-I. F¶m Cu cWvSp tImjvT-§-fn-embn B]-h-Õ-tâbpw B]-tâbpw Øm\-§Ä hcpw. AXn B]-h-Õsâ cWvSp tImjvT-§-fn sXt¡-Xn-tem, B]sâ cWvSp tImjvT-§-fn hS-t¡-Xntem BWv apÃ-¯d DWvSm-t¡-WvS-Xv.(-a-\p-jym-e-b-N-{µn-I, ]p.88) 

3

C¯-c-¯n KWn-X-cq-]-§-fn-eqsS hne-bn-cp-¯p-t¼mÄ kn²-am-b-hþ{]tbm-K-¯n-ep-Åhþ am{X-aà km[y-am-b-h-sb-¡qSn \nÀh-Nn-¡m-\pÅ {]h-W-X-bp-WvSm-Ip-¶p. A§s\ ]qÀW-ambpw KWnX-cq-]-§-fn-eqsS \nÀWbn¡m-hp-¶-þ-tc-J-s¸-Sp-¯m-hp-¶-þ-A-h-Ø-bn-se¯p¶XmWv ssieo-h-Xv¡-c-W-¯nsâ ka-{K-X. ]qÀWX ]e-t¸m-gpw A\-´-X-X-s¶-bm-Wv. `mc-Xo-b-¢m-Ên-¡Â kwKo-X-¯n jUvPw, Ej-`w, KmÔm-cw, a[y-aw, ]©-aw, ss[h-Xw, \njmZw F¶o kzc-§fnse jUvPhpw ]©-a-hp-sam-gn-¨pÅhbpsS CucWvSp ]ncn-hp-IÄ IqSn IW-¡n-se-Sp-¡p-t¼mÄ BsI ]{´ WvSp kzc-§fmWp-Å-Xv. (]m-Ým-Xy-kw-Ko-X-¯nepw Hcp HIvtS-hn ]{´WvSp kzc-§Ä DÄs¸-Sp-¶p.) {ipXn-sb-¯p-SÀ¶pWvS-m-Ip¶þ kwKo-Xm-ß-Ihpw hyà-ambn Xncn-¨-dn-bm-hp-¶-Xp-ambþ A\p-c-W-\-amWv kzcw. AXm-bXv kzc-¯n-\m-[mcw {ipXn-bm-Wv. A`o£vWXbpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n \nÀW-bn-¡-s¸« Cu {ipXn-I-fpsS kwJy-sb-¸-än-bpÅ A`n-{]m-b-t`Zw t\m¡pI: {ipXn-IÄ 22 F¶p Nnecpw 24 F¶p aäp Nnecpw 66 F¶p thtd Nnecpw Akw-Jy-sa¶p \mem-a-sXmcp Iq«cpw ]d-bp-¶p (kw-Ko-X-im-kv{X-{]-th-inI ]p.6,7).

]{´WvSp kzc-§Ä¡m-[m-c-amb {][m\{ipXn-Øm-\-§Ä IqSmsX ]¯p {ipXnIfpwIqSn tNÀ¯mWv 22 {ipXn-I-fpWvS-m-hp-¶Xv. `c-X-ap-\n-(_n.-kn. aq¶mw \qäm-WvSv) bpsS \mSy-im-kv{X-¯nse {[ph-þ-N-e-ho-Wm-]-co-£Ww apX kwKo-X-c-Xv\m-I-c-IÀ¯m-hmb imÀMvK-tZ-h³ (F.-Un. ]Xn-aq¶mw \qämWvS-v), cmam-am-Xy³ (]Xn-\mdmw \qämWvS-v). NXpÀ±-WvUn-{]-Im-in-Im-Im-c-\mb sh¦-S-aJn (]-Xn-t\gmw \qäm-WvSv), kwKo-X-]m-cn-Pm-X-sa-gp-Xnb Atlm-_e (]-Xn-t\gmw \qämWvS-v)F¶n-h-scms¡ \S-¯nb ]co-£-W-§Ä {ipXn-\nÀW-b-¯nsâ Ncn-{X-¯n {][m-\-am-Wv.

 CXn-sem-cp-Zm-l-c-W-ambn kwhm-Z-Zz-b-¯n-eqsS (j-UvP-þ-]-©-a, jUvP-a-[y-a-hy-h-Ø-bn-eqsS) {ipXnØm\-§Ä \nÀW-bn-¡p-¶Xv ]cn-tim-[n-¡mw. CXn ]©-a-N{Iw jUvP-]-©-a-§-sfbpw a[y-a-N{Iw jUvP-a-[y-a-§-sfbpw ASn-Øm-\-am-¡p-¶p. ]©-a-N-{I-¯n-eqsS A`o-£vW-X IW-¡m-¡p¶ coXn t\m¡pI: CXn\v a[y-Ømbn jUvPs¯ Bcw-`-kz-c-am-sb-Sp-¡p-¶p. AXnsâ A\p]mXw 1. jUvP-¯nsâ A©mw kzcw ]©-aw. jUvP-hp-am-bpÅ A\p-]mXw 3/2.

]©-a-¯nsâ A©mw kzcw Xmc-Øm-bn-bnse NXp:{ipXn Ej-`w. A\p]mXw 3/2 x 3/2=9/4.

CXns\ a[y-Øm-bn-bn-em-¡m³ c­p-sImWvSp lcn-¡-Ww. 9/4 x 1/2=9/8.

Xmc-Øm-bn-bnse NXp:{ipXn Ej-`-¯nsâ ]©aw Xmc-Øm-bn-bnse NXp:{ipXn ss[h-Xw. A\p]mXw 9/4 x 3/2=27/8. a[y-Øm-bn-bn-teXv 27/8 x 1/2=27/16.

Cu {]{In-b-bn-eqsS a[y-Øm-bn-bnse ]Xn-s\m¶p {ipXn-þ-kz-c-Øm-\-§Ä e`n-¡p-¶p.

CtX-t]mse a[y-a-N-{I-¯n-eqsS Hmtcm kzc-¯n-sâbpw \mem-as¯ kzcw ASn-Øm-\-am¡n {ipXn-þ-kz-c-\nÀWbw \S-¯p¶p: jUvP-hp-ambn a[y-a-kz-c-¯nsâ A\p-]mXw 4/3. CXnsâ \memw kzcw tIma-f-ssI-in-In-\n-jm-Zw. A`o-jvWX 4/3 x 4/3=16/9. Cu{]-{In-b -Xp-S-cp-t¼mÄ a[y-Øm-bn-bn thtd ]Xn-s\m¶p {ipXn-þ-kz-c-Øm-\-§Ä e`n-¡pw. A§s\ BsI 22 {ipXn. {]I-¼-\-kw-Jy-bpsS Imcy-¯n ASp¯ Ime¯p \S¶ ]co-£-W-§-fn hyXym-k-§-fpWvS-v.

{]mNo-\-{Ko-¡p-Im-cpsS Imew apX kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-§-fpsS klm-b-t¯msS {ipXn-kz-c-§-fpsS F®w, X½n-epÅ A\p-]m-Xw,Ah-bpsS {^oIz³kn F¶nh \nÀW-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\pÅ KWn-X-im-kv{X-þ-kw-Ko-X-imkv{X]co-£-W-§Ä ]mÝm-Xy-cm-Py-§-fnepw \S-¡p-¶p-WvS-v. kwKo-Xm-ß-I-amb i_vZ-§sf \nÀW-bn-¡p¶ KWn-X-im-kv{X-]-c-amb A\p-]m-X-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v ss]X-tKm-d-knsâ Imew apXÂt¡ Nn´-I-fpWvSm-bnv. kzc-§-fpsS CS-thfIfpsS A\p-]m-X-§Ä, Hcp X´n-bpsS \ofhpw kzc-¯nsâ {ipXnbpw X½n-epÅ _Ôw F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨v ss]X-tKm-d-kn\p Úm\-apWvSm-bn-cp-¶p. B[p-\n-I-D-]-I-c-W-§-fpsS klm-b-t¯msS ]©-a-N-{I (cycle of fifth) s¯ ASn-Øm-\-am¡n ASp¯ Ime¯v tUhv dkn³ \S-¯nb ]co-£Ww ka-Im-en-I-amb DZm-l-c-Ww.

Hcp HIvtS-hn ]{´WvSp kzc-§-fmWv {][m-\-sa¶p Øm]n-¡p-¶p-sh-¦nepw 41, 72 XpS§n \m\q-än-]-Xn-s\t«m AXn¡q-Sp-Xtem {ipXn-IÄ At±lw k¦-ev]n-¡p-¶pWvSv. Xsâ ssIbnse kwKo-tXm-]-I-cWw ]cn-an-X-amb thÄUv ¢mÊv sF. _n. Fw. ]n. kn. kv]o¡dmsW¶pw Hcp 5þtdm I¼yq-«À Io t_mÀUv CXn-t\mSp _Ôn-¸n-¨m {ipXn-\nÀW-b-{]-iv\-¯n\p ]cn-lm-c-am-Ip-sa¶pw At±lw ]d-bp-¶p.

km[y-am-b-Xn-s\-sbÃmw \nÀh-Nn-¡m-\pÅ {ia-¯n {]tbm-K-¯nÂ\n¶p thÀs]«v ]uc-kvXyhpw ]mÝm-Xy-hp-amb Cu ¢mÊn-¡Â k¦-ev]-\-§Ä  Ah-bn¯s¶ A`n-c-an-¡p¶ hyh-lm-c-§-fm-bn-¯o-cp-¶tXmsSm¸w Ah-bpsS DÛ-h-s¯bpw {]tbm-K¯nsâbpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hnh-£Isf ad-¨p-h-bv¡p-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p.- ]mÝm-tXy-X-chpw BtVy-X-c-hp-amb LS-I-§ÄsImWvSp \nÀ½n-¡-s¸-«-sX¶p Xm³ Icp-Xp¶ ]mÝm-Xy-¢m-Ên-¡ÂkwKo-X-s¯-¡p-dn¨v F-tUzÀUv kbvZv ]d-bp¶p:

‘...“Western” classical music, what is impressive about musical practice in all its variety is that it takes place in many different places, for different purposes, for different constituencies and practitioners, and ofcourse at many different times. To assemble all that, to herd it under one dialectical temporal model is - no matter how compelling or dramatic the formulation - simply an  untrue and therefore insufficient account of what happens’.(Musical Elaborations)

Cu {]kvXmhw `mc-Xo-b¢m-Ên-¡ÂkwKo-X-¯n\pw _m[-I-am-Ip-¶p.

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